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Categories / Master of Arts (MA) / Psychology / Psychology - Part 4

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Psychology - Part 4

Question 1 of 25 Hints left: 3

Q1

What is 'reciprocal determinism'?

A The idea that behavior is shaped solely by the environment
B The belief that individuals have no control over their actions
C The interaction between behavior, environment, and personal factors
D The concept that behavior is determined by genetics

Q2

What is the 'availability heuristic'?

A The tendency to rely on recent events to predict future outcomes
B The ability to ignore irrelevant information
C The belief that rare events are more common than they are
D The process of using logical reasoning to solve problems

Q3

What is the 'stroop effect'?

A The difficulty in recalling unrelated words
B The interference in reaction time when processing conflicting information
C The ability to quickly identify colors
D The process of ignoring irrelevant stimuli

Q4

What is the 'framing effect'?

A The ability to make decisions based solely on facts
B The tendency for people to react differently based on how information is presented
C The process of ignoring irrelevant details
D The ability to frame problems logically

Q5

What is 'vicarious reinforcement'?

A Learning through one's own experiences
B Learning by observing others being rewarded
C Learning through punishment
D The process of avoiding social interaction

Q6

What is 'semantic memory'?

A Memory of how to perform tasks
B Memory of facts and general knowledge
C Memory of personal experiences
D Memory of emotional states

Q7

What is 'catharsis' in psychology?

A The process of internalizing emotions
B The release of pent-up emotions through expression
C The ability to suppress emotional responses
D The avoidance of emotional experiences

Q8

What is 'ego' according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

A The part of personality focused on moral standards
B The part of personality concerned with pleasure and desires
C The rational part of personality that mediates between desires and reality
D The unconscious part of the mind

Q9

What is 'intrinsic motivation'?

A Motivation driven by external rewards
B Motivation driven by internal satisfaction and personal goals
C Motivation driven by peer pressure
D Motivation driven by avoiding punishment

Q10

What is 'emotion-focused coping'?

A A coping strategy that focuses on changing the situation
B A coping strategy that focuses on managing emotions in response to stress
C The ability to avoid emotions during stressful situations
D The process of ignoring stress

Q11

What is the 'primacy effect'?

A The tendency to remember information presented last
B The tendency to remember information presented first
C The process of forgetting all information over time
D The ability to recall unrelated information easily

Q12

What is 'behavioral therapy'?

A A therapy that focuses on unconscious motives
B A therapy aimed at changing maladaptive behaviors through conditioning
C A therapy focused on exploring childhood memories
D A therapy that relies on cognitive techniques

Q13

What is 'self-efficacy'?

A A belief in one's ability to control external events
B A belief in one's ability to achieve specific goals
C A belief that external factors determine success
D A belief in the importance of social influence

Q14

What is 'retrograde amnesia'?

A The inability to form new memories
B The inability to recall past memories
C The ability to remember only recent events
D The process of improving memory over time

Q15

What is 'dissociative identity disorder' (DID)?

A A condition characterized by delusions and hallucinations
B A mood disorder marked by extreme highs and lows
C A disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct identities
D A form of anxiety characterized by intense fear of social situations

Q16

What is 'extrinsic motivation'?

A Motivation that comes from internal satisfaction
B Motivation that comes from external rewards
C Motivation that has no clear source
D Motivation that is based on avoiding failure

Q17

What is 'reactance'?

A The tendency to comply with authority figures
B The motivational reaction to offers or rules that threaten one's freedoms
C The process of reacting slowly to stimuli
D The act of avoiding social situations

Q18

What is 'Gestalt therapy'?

A A form of therapy focused on childhood memories
B A humanistic therapy that emphasizes personal responsibility and living in the present moment
C A psychoanalytic technique for exploring the unconscious
D A cognitive therapy that focuses on changing thought patterns

Q19

What is 'observational learning'?

A Learning through personal experience
B Learning by observing the behavior of others
C Learning by trial and error
D Learning through memorization

Q20

What is 'systematic desensitization'?

A A technique for teaching social skills
B A form of therapy that helps individuals confront their fears gradually
C A method for enhancing memory recall
D A process of avoiding anxiety-inducing situations

Q21

What is 'stereotype threat'?

A The process of confirming negative stereotypes
B The anxiety experienced by individuals when they are at risk of confirming a negative stereotype
C The belief that stereotypes do not apply to oneself
D The process of changing behavior to avoid stereotypes

Q22

What is the 'two-factor theory of emotion'?

A Emotions are solely based on physiological arousal
B Emotions are based on both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation
C Emotions are influenced only by cognitive interpretation
D Emotions are unrelated to cognitive processes

Q23

What is 'proactive interference'?

A When old memories interfere with the recall of new information
B When new memories interfere with the recall of old information
C The ability to remember new information easily
D The process of enhancing memory through practice

Q24

What is 'insight learning'?

A Learning through direct instruction
B Learning by observing others
C Learning by sudden realization of a problem's solution
D Learning through reinforcement and punishment

Q25

What is 'cognitive restructuring'?

A Changing the way we interpret negative thoughts and situations
B The process of avoiding negative thoughts
C Strengthening existing cognitive patterns
D Ignoring cognitive dissonance

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